April 20th in Astronomy and Space Science
![]() | 1966 | US Surveyor 3 spacecraft lands on the lunar surface in the region of Oceanus Procellarum. A failure of the engine shutdown mechanism causes Surveyor 3 to touch down three times before finally coming to a rest. In 1969, Apollo 12 landed within 200 meters of Surveyor 3 and recovered several pieces of the spacecraft to analyze wear and check for any signs of life: Surveyor 3 was not sterilized before launch. A sample of foam from inside the TV camera showed a small amount of the bacteria Streptococcus mitis that appeared to have survived the journey and 31 months on the Moon. |
![]() | 1972 | The Apollo 16 Lunar Module "Orion" carrying astronauts John W. Young and Charles M. Duke, Jr lands in the Descartes region of the Moon. |